NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF SENIOR DOGS

Youth has its own rules, but eventually there comes a time when your dog becomes a senior and their needs change. Just like with humans, advancing age in dogs brings with it a variety of health challenges that can affect their diet and overall well-being. Properly feeding your senior pet is essential to ensuring their health and quality of life in their golden years. In this article, we’ll discuss how to adjust your senior dog’s diet and lifestyle to support their health and delay the development of ailments.
CHANGING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF SENIOR DOGS
Senior dogs, like seniors in humans, may need fewer calories but more nutrients that support their health. Reduced physical activity, slower metabolism, and potential health issues like canine arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis, and heart disease all impact how and what we should feed our senior pet.
Lower calorie requirements: Your pet was full of energy a few years ago, but now he is more sedate, although he still likes your walks. Older dogs are often less physically active, which means they gain weight more easily with a calorie surplus. That is why it is important to adjust their diet to their changing energy needs. There are special foods for senior dogs on the market that have a reduced calorie content. When choosing food for your older dog, pay attention to products with a lower calorie content that still provide all the necessary nutrients.
Older dogs should consume about 30% fewer calories than younger dogs of similar size. It is important to avoid overfeeding and to provide your dog with the right amount of food that will meet his energy needs but will not cause him to become overweight. Unfortunately, it is so unfair that at a certain age he eats less and we gain more…
Monitoring the right weight: Monitoring the weight of your dog is a key part of weight management. This way you can quickly notice any changes in weight and adjust the amount of food you feed. It is recommended to weigh your dog at least once a month and keep a journal of his weight.
In addition to diet control, physical activity is equally important. Regular walks and games help burn calories and keep your dog in good shape. Adjust the level of activity to the capabilities and needs of your dog to avoid overload.
Obesity can lead to many health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and joint problems. In older dogs, who may already have mobility problems, extra pounds can significantly worsen their quality of life. That is why it is so important to control your dog's weight and maintain it at an appropriate level. Here, you have to put in a little effort and sacrifice a little, but what wouldn't we do for that dog's gaze!
Reduced appetite and sensory changes: Older dogs can lose their appetite for a number of reasons. One is a weakened sense of taste and smell. As they age, their taste and smell receptors can stop working as efficiently as they used to, making food less appealing. Additionally, older dogs tend to have lower energy requirements, meaning they don’t need to consume as many calories as they did when they were younger. Other causes include health issues, such as dental, gum, or digestive problems.
Warming food to body temperature (around 20-37°C) can greatly enhance its aroma, which can encourage your dog to eat. Warm food has a stronger scent, which can help stimulate your dog's senses.
It is worth choosing food with a soft consistency and intense flavor. Soft food is easier to chew and digest, which is important, especially if the dog has dental problems.
You can enrich your dog's meals with tasty additions, such as chicken broth, a small amount of olive oil, or pumpkin puree. It is important that the additions are healthy and safe for the dog.
HEALTHY JOINTS AND MOBILITY
The top priority for a caregiver should be to take care of their dog’s joint health. Some of the most common challenges that senior dogs face are stiff joints, arthritic pain, and degenerative joint disease. These conditions can significantly reduce the quality of life of our four-legged friends, affecting their ability to move and enjoy daily activities. Fortunately, a proper diet can play a key role in alleviating symptoms and supporting joint health.
The first step in caring for your senior dog is recognizing the signs of joint problems. Dogs with these conditions may have difficulty standing up, especially after a long rest. They may also avoid activities they once enjoyed, such as running or jumping. Stiffness after resting is another common symptom that could indicate joint problems. It’s clear that your dog wants to tell you about it…
Diet is one of the most important factors we can control to support joint health in senior dogs. There are many nutrients that can help alleviate symptoms and support joint function.
Joint supplements in the diet: One of the most important elements to consider are chondroprosthetics – substances that protect joints, such as glucosamine and chondroitin.
Glucosamine and chondroitin are natural ingredients that help rebuild joint cartilage and increase the production of synovial fluid. Thanks to this, dogs can enjoy a better range of motion, as well as reduced joint pain. That is why more and more food manufacturers decide to enrich their products with these valuable additives, especially in lines dedicated to older dogs and large breeds, which are more susceptible to joint problems.
However, what if the food we give our dog does not contain these ingredients? In such a case, it is worth considering individual supplementation. However, before we decide to take such a step, we should consult a veterinarian. A specialist will help us choose the right dose and form of supplement, adapted to the needs and health of our dog.
Omega-3 Fats: The best dog food for senior dogs should contain omega-3 fatty acids, especially those derived from fish oil, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. For senior dogs who often suffer from arthritis, introducing omega-3 fatty acids into their diet can provide relief from joint pain and stiffness. Studies indicate that these fatty acids can reduce the production of inflammatory molecules in the body, leading to relief from the symptoms associated with arthritis.
It’s not just your joints that benefit from omega-3 in your diet. These valuable fats also support cognitive function in older dogs. As dogs age, they can experience cognitive decline, which can manifest itself through memory problems, disorientation, or difficulty learning new things. Omega-3, thanks to its neuroprotective properties, can help maintain brain health and improve cognitive function.
The most well-known source of omega-3 is fish oil, especially salmon oil. Adding this supplement to your dog’s diet can provide many health benefits. Alternatively, a diet rich in fish will also provide essential fatty acids. It is important to choose high-quality products that are properly balanced and tailored to the needs of older dogs.
BELLY - DIGESTION AND DIGESTIVE HEALTH
Digestion slows down in older dogs. Digestive processes can be less efficient, leading to problems such as constipation or a sensitive stomach. Owners of older dogs often notice that their pets have difficulty with regular bowel movements, which can be not only uncomfortable but also unhealthy for the pet.
Easily digestible ingredients: The nutritional needs of an elderly dog are demanding. As they age, their digestive system becomes less efficient. Difficult-to-digest ingredients can lead to stomach problems such as bloating, constipation, or diarrhea. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid foods that can burden their digestive system.
Ingredients to avoid
Bones: Although many dog owners believe that bones are a natural part of the diet, for older dogs they can be difficult to digest and lead to dental problems or even intestinal perforation.
Legumes: Although high in protein, they can cause bloating and indigestion in older dogs. Large amounts of beans, peas, or lentils can be harmful.
Soy and corn: These ingredients are often found in commercial pet foods, but are difficult to digest and may cause food allergies.
KEY NUTRITIONAL INGREDIENTS FOR SENIOR DOGS
The role of fiber in a senior's diet: Fiber plays a key role in a senior dog's diet. It is essential for the proper functioning of the digestive system, as it improves intestinal peristalsis and regulates bowel movements. Thanks to fiber, digestive processes run more efficiently and the dog feels better.
Sources of Fiber: It is a good idea to include more fiber in your senior dog's diet, which can be found in a variety of foods. The most important sources of fiber include vegetables such as carrots and pumpkin, which are not only rich in fiber but also vitamins and minerals. Bran and flaxseed are other valuable ingredients that can be added to your dog's diet to aid in his digestion.
Senior Dog Food: There are specialized dog foods available for senior dogs that contain added fiber. These foods are carefully formulated to provide essential nutrients while supporting the digestive system. When choosing a senior dog food, it is worth paying attention to its composition and making sure it contains the right amount of fiber.
High-quality protein: Your senior dog's diet should be rich in high-quality protein to help maintain muscle mass.
Fats and NKKT: Fats are one of the main sources of energy in the diet of animals. They provide more than twice as many calories per gram as proteins or carbohydrates, making them an extremely efficient source of energy. A moderate amount of fat in the diet not only provides energy, but also improves the palatability of the food, which is especially important for picky pets.
However, too much fat in the diet can lead to excess weight and related health problems. Therefore, it is crucial that the diet is properly balanced and adapted to the energy needs of the animal.
Not all fats are created equal. More important than the amount of fat in the diet is the quality of the fat. Saturated fats, which are often found in the human diet, may be less beneficial to animals. Instead, it is worth focusing on unsaturated fats, which have health benefits.
Essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, play a key role in the diet of animals. These fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be supplied through food.
Omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), are especially important for senior brain and joint health. They support cognitive function, which is crucial for older pets who may experience mental decline. In addition, omega-3s have anti-inflammatory effects, which can help relieve joint pain and improve mobility.
Omega-6 fatty acids are essential for maintaining healthy skin and a shiny coat. They support sebum production, which protects the skin and coat from drying out. Omega-6 deficiency can lead to skin problems such as dryness, flaking skin and hair loss.
Good senior foods often contain fish or flaxseed oils, which are rich sources of omega-3 and omega-6. Fish oils, such as salmon oil, are one of the best sources of EPA and DHA. Flaxseed oil, while not containing EPA and DHA, is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which the body can convert into these fatty acids.
Vitamins and Antioxidants: Vitamins C and E are two key antioxidants that support a dog’s immune system. Vitamin C, while primarily known as a cold remedy in humans, also plays an important role in collagen synthesis, which is essential for healthy skin and joints. Vitamin E, on the other hand, protects cell membranes from oxidative damage, which is especially important for maintaining a healthy skin and coat.
Carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, are other important antioxidants that support eye health and the immune system. Selenium, a trace mineral, works synergistically with vitamin E to enhance its antioxidant effects.
Many senior foods are fortified with extra vitamin E and B vitamins, which are essential for proper metabolism and nervous system function. B vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin and niacin, help produce energy and support neurological functions.
Additionally, ingredients such as lutein and taurine are often added to senior dog foods to support vision and heart health. Lutein, known to protect the retina, is especially important for dogs predisposed to vision problems. Taurine, an amino acid essential for heart health, is crucial for breeds at risk for cardiomyopathy.
Minerals: Calcium and phosphorus are two minerals that play a key role in maintaining strong bones and teeth. It is important that the calcium to phosphorus ratio in the dog's diet is balanced and is around 1.2:1. This ratio provides optimal conditions for bone mineralization and prevents demineralization. Senior dogs need the right level of these minerals so that their skeletal system can function properly.
It is extremely important to control the sodium level in the diet of an older dog. Too much salt can strain the heart and kidneys, which is especially dangerous for older dogs, in which these organs may no longer function effectively. Therefore, it is worth choosing foods that have the right level of sodium, so as not to expose the dog to additional health risks.
Iron is essential for the proper functioning of the circulatory system. It helps produce hemoglobin, a protein responsible for transporting oxygen around the body. Zinc, in turn, supports healthy skin and coat, which is important for the overall well-being and appearance of the dog. Good quality dog foods contain these minerals in a chelated form, which increases their absorption and effectiveness.
When choosing food for an older dog, it is worth paying attention to its composition. Look for products that contain balanced proportions of calcium and phosphorus, as well as an appropriate level of sodium. Additionally, make sure that the food contains chelated forms of iron and zinc, which will ensure better absorption of these minerals.
Probiotics and prebiotics: Beneficial bacteria and prebiotic fibers can help support the gut flora of your senior dog. A healthy gut flora improves digestion and nutrient absorption, leading to better well-being and immunity. These days, more and more pet owners are realizing how important a proper diet and supplementation are for their pets, especially as they get older. That’s why probiotics and prebiotics are gaining popularity.
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide health benefits to the host. In dogs, probiotics help rebuild and maintain the balance of intestinal microflora. The most common probiotic strains are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
Prebiotics, on the other hand, are indigestible nutrients that support the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut. A common prebiotic is inulin, which is derived from chicory root. Prebiotics act as food for probiotics, helping them grow and function.
As dogs age, their digestive system can become weaker, leading to problems with digestion and nutrient absorption. Healthy gut bacteria play a key role in the digestive process, helping to break down food and helping to absorb essential nutrients. In addition, gut bacteria affect the immune system, protecting the body from pathogens.
Hydration: Senior dogs, like humans, have different health needs than their younger companions. One of the most important things to consider is hydration. Senior dogs may be less willing to drink water, which increases the risk of dehydration and kidney problems. Therefore, it is extremely important to provide them with constant access to fresh water, which should be changed several times a day.
There are many reasons why older dogs may drink less. As they age, their senses of taste and smell can weaken, making water less appealing. Additionally, older dogs may experience dental or gum problems that make drinking painful. Certain medications can also affect a dog's thirst.
If you notice that your dog is not drinking much, there are several ways to encourage him to do so. One of the easiest ways is to feed him wet food, which contains more water than dry food. You can also moisten dry food with warm water or broth before serving. A wet, mushy consistency of food is also recommended for very old dogs who have trouble chewing.
In addition to changing the diet, there are other ways to increase hydration in an older dog. You can try adding a little low-sodium broth to the water to make it more appealing. Just make sure the broth doesn't contain ingredients that are harmful to dogs, like onions or garlic.
Did you know that…
The key element that distinguishes dogs from other animals in their drinking habits is the way they use their tongues. Instead of bending their tongues upwards like cats do, dogs bend their tongues downwards, creating something like an inverted dipper. This movement allows them to effectively scoop up water, allowing them to hydrate their bodies quickly and efficiently.
This phenomenon has been thoroughly studied by scientists who, using high-resolution cameras and slow-motion technology, analyzed every movement of a dog's tongue while drinking. It turned out that when a dog dips its tongue in water, it creates a kind of spoon, which it quickly raises to its mouth. This dynamic and coordinated movement allows it to take in a significant amount of liquid in a short time, while minimizing water loss that could spill.
Other health-promoting additives: Herbal additives and nutraceuticals are increasingly appearing in senior dog foods. These ingredients, although not mandatory, can significantly affect the health of our pets. An example is yucca extract, which not only reduces the smell of feces, but also supports digestion. Thanks to this, dogs can enjoy better digestive comfort, which is especially important in old age, when the digestive system becomes more sensitive.
Another valuable ingredient is L-carnitine. Its role in fat metabolism is invaluable, especially for older dogs who may have trouble maintaining a healthy body weight. L-carnitine also supports heart function, which is crucial for older dogs who may be more susceptible to circulatory system diseases. Regular consumption of L-carnitine can help maintain a healthy heart and better physical condition.
A senior dog's diet should include taurine. This is an important ingredient that is worth considering, especially for large breeds. It is extremely important for heart health, and its deficiency can lead to serious cardiological problems. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to whether the food we give our dog contains the right amount of taurine. Thanks to this, we can significantly improve the quality of life of our pet and prolong its health.
PRACTICAL ADVICE FROM ANIMAL ISLAND
Regular, more frequent meals: Feeding a senior dog requires a special approach . Dividing the daily portion of food into several smaller meals, instead of one or two large ones, can bring many benefits. Smaller portions are easier for the dog's body to digest, which helps in better assimilation of nutrients. Additionally, regular and more frequent meals help maintain stable blood sugar levels, which is especially important for dogs with diabetes or metabolic problems.
Feeding smaller portions of food reduces the risk of indigestion and stomach problems. Large meals can burden a dog's digestive system, leading to bloating, gas, or even vomiting. Regular, smaller meals help avoid these problems, ensuring the dog's comfort and well-being.
Establishing regular feeding times:
Routine is incredibly important for dogs because it gives them a sense of security. By setting regular feeding times, we help your dog understand when to expect food, which has a positive effect on their digestion. Dogs who know that food is served at set times are less likely to snack between meals, which can lead to weight gain.
Adjusting the food form: Older dogs often suffer from dental problems that make it difficult for them to eat dry food. In such cases, it is worth considering switching to wet food, which is softer and easier to chew. Alternatively, you can soak the dry food in warm water before serving, which will make it softer and easier to eat. The mushy consistency will not only make it easier to eat, but will also help absorb nutrients that are essential for the health of your older dog.
Feeding your senior dog food straight from the fridge is not recommended, as food that is too cold can be unpleasant for your dog. It is best to serve food at room temperature or slightly warm. This will make your dog more willing to eat, and its digestive system will cope better with digestion.
Avoid sudden changes in diet: Sudden changes in food can be a shock to an older dog's digestive system. Switching to a new food should be done gradually, preferably over a period of 7 to 10 days. This gives your dog's body time to adapt to the new nutrients and textures, which minimizes the risk of digestive problems.
Changing your dog's diet, especially in the case of older animals, should always be consulted with a veterinarian. A specialist will help you assess whether the new diet is appropriate for your dog's health and needs. This is especially important for dogs with kidney, liver or other conditions that require a specialist approach to nutrition.
Health check: Pay attention to how your dog is eating during meals. Is he choking on his food? This could be a sign of swallowing or dental problems. Choking in older dogs is a serious health concern that can lead to serious health complications. If you notice your dog is having trouble eating, consult your veterinarian.
Regular blood tests can help detect problems like kidney disease or diabetes, which often require a specialized diet. A dental check-up allows for early detection of gum and tooth problems that can affect your dog's overall health.
PERFECT FOOD FOR SENIOR DOGS
“Senior” vs. “Adult ” Formulas: There are a variety of nutritional formulas available for dogs of different ages, including specialist foods labeled “Senior” or “Senior Light.” How do they differ from standard adult dog foods and when should you choose them?
“Senior” and “Senior Light” foods are designed to meet the specific needs of older dogs. As dogs age, their metabolism slows down, which means their calorie and fat needs may change. These foods typically contain less fat and calories, but more fiber, which helps maintain a healthy weight and aids digestion. Additionally, they are often fortified with ingredients like glucosamine, which supports joint health, L-carnitine, which can help metabolize fat, and antioxidants, which support the immune system.
When choosing food for an older dog, it is worth reaching for products from reputable manufacturers. Why? Because they are designed with the specific needs of older dogs in mind and are based on scientific research. Renowned brands invest in research and development to ensure that their products are not only tasty, but above all healthy and safe for our pets.
AnimalIsland.eu Proven Products:
Animal Island Everyday - wet food turkey and rabbit: this is a unique meal with a high meat content in an aromatic broth. It does not contain grains, peas or chicken. What is very important, it is delicious for your pet because it is characterized by high palatability.
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Animal Island Everyday – Dry Food with Salmon: What makes this food stand out? First of all, it contains 61% of ingredients of animal origin, which provides the right amount of protein, necessary for maintaining muscle mass and general health of the dog. The lack of grain in the composition makes the food easily digestible, which is extremely important for senior dogs, whose digestive system may be more sensitive.
Salmon food is also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which come from fish. These healthy fats have a beneficial effect on the coat, giving it shine and softness, and also support joint health, which is especially important for older dogs who may have problems with stiffness and joint pain.
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Animal Island – dry food with beef: Another product worth considering is the dry food with beef, enriched with chondroitin, glucosamine and collagen. These nutrients are known for their positive effect on the condition of joints and cartilage, making this food an excellent choice for older dogs with signs of joint stiffness. Thanks to these additives, the dog can enjoy greater freedom of movement and a better quality of life.
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Both foods contain natural antioxidants that help protect your dog's body from the harmful effects of free radicals, and easily digestible protein that supports the overall health and vitality of your senior dog.
At Animal Island, we make sure that our products are of the highest quality. Our goal is to support dogs, including seniors, so that they can enjoy health and energy for many years. By taking care of the diet of our four-legged friends, we provide them with a better quality of life and longer, happy years at our side.
"My little dog – a heart at my feet."
Edith Wharton